Alessandra Zumbo
Thermodynamic Modeling and Data Assimilation of Cryogenic Liquid Storage Systems.
Rel. Sandra Pieraccini, Miguel Alfonso Mendez, Dario Giuseppe Pastrone. Politecnico di Torino, Master of science program in Aerospace Engineering, 2022
Abstract
Cryogenic liquids are increasingly being used on a big scale: in many applications, a predetermined quantity of such fluids must be stored for a long time within an insulated tank. A typical cryogenic liquid storage system consists of a horizontal or vertical tank containing a multi-phase liquid-vapor mixture: these tanks undergo pressure and mass changes because of heat transfer in the liquid, vapor and tank walls, and of mass transfer due to evaporation/condensation processes. In any of these storage systems, the flow of gas into the ullage space (pressurization) or external heat-fluxes leak during long term storage (self-pressurization) lead to a rise in ullage pressure and the creation of a thermal gradient at the gas-liquid interface.
Thermodynamic equilibrium may be disturbed by phenomena like external excitation, which can trigger sloshing: this event enhances heat and mass transfer rates and may result in undesirable pressure fluctuations
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