Hydrogen is expected to become an undisputed player in the ecological transition throughout the next decades. The potential and the possibilities offered by this energy vector open various opportunities for the so-called “hard-to-abate” sectors of the economy, including industrial production of iron and steel, glass, refineries and the heavy-duty transport. Indeed, heavy-haul, long-range trucks could be hardly electrified due to the technological limits for the application of traditional batteries whereas the old diesel-based passenger trains and many naval routes could improve their functionality and simultaneously contribute to decarbonize the energy system with the use of hydrogen and derivates as propellants. The Italian energy system, in the framework of decarbonization plans for the whole European Union, is considering a wider use of hydrogen to provide an alternative to fossil fuels in hard-to-abate sectors.