The advancement of information technology has increased exponentially the amount of data that is gathered and that requires processing, and the latter is predicted to become one of the most energy demanding operations in the very near future. Current data processing relies on Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, but even the most energy efficient implementations suffer from an intrinsic power and speed inefficiency known as the von Neumann bottleneck, caused by the data transfer between memory and processing unit. It is therefore necessary to transition to new computing architectures and paradigms such as bio-inspired computing. The key component of these new solutions is the memristor, an element with multiple resistance levels that can be modified in a non-volatile manner.