The thesis work aims to give insights about the state of the art of the combined application of Lean Manufacturing and Industry 4.0. The objective is to investigate, map and analyze the relationship between Lean Manufacturing and Industry 4.0 providing a better understanding and knowledge of the current state of implementation and of their relationship. The core of this thesis work is a literature review that aims at understanding the progress of this implementation, the benefits perceived and the barriers that will be encountered. In order to give a complete view of the topic, despite benefits and barriers, also social and environmental aspects will be taken under consideration and will be determinants of the future development of these methodologies and technologies..