Microplastic (MP) pollution in the natural environment is currently the subject of growing interest both for the scientific community and for the World Health Organization. This interest is confirmed by hundreds of scientific articles published every year. The growing attention to this type of contamination in the various environmental matrices and, consequently, of living organisms, is caused by the following factors: increase of production and consumption of plastic, relatively small recycling rate of synthetic polymers at the end of life (only between about 9 and 15% is recycled from about 400 million tons of plastic produced annually worldwide), and the inability of current treatment plants to treat this type of waste, especially as regards textile fibers that are difficult to estimate.