KNOT—Renovation project of the former market of Torre Spaccata in ROME This paper scrutinises in detail how old buildings in and around cities can be redesigned and planned and transformed into new buildings and new urban plans that are low-carbon, sustainable, adaptive, inclusive, more compact, multifunctional and fit for the future. The cities of the future will be flexible, diverse, innovative and full of dynamic change, and the architecture and planning in cities will change to accommodate future urban development. This paper will focus on the Ex-Mercato building and its surroundings in the Torre Spaccata area of Rome as an example of how to preserve its historical traces while transforming its form and structure into a new, more innovative and inclusive building, and the urban planning around the new building.