Atherosclerosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of the large and medium-sized arteries that involves a characteristic accumulation of fatty material (e.g. lipid, cholesterol) on the inner surface of the vessel walls. This process leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques which in turn cause the hardening, thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall. Mass transport in arteries plays a key role in vascular disease. In particular high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and low levels of oxygen in the arterial wall are involved in the atherosclerotic process. In addition to that, also hemodynamic factors, in particular wall shear stress (WSS), contribute to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis.