Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death worldwide and it causes cardiomyocyte loss, formation of a non-functional fibrotic scar and, eventually, a pathological remodelling of the heart wall and deterioration of cardiac functions. Traditional therapeutic strategies are unable to restore myocardium functionality and heart transplant, the only procedure that guarantees a full cardiac recovery, is affected by several problems, such as the need for lifelong immunosuppression and shortage of organ donors. Innovative research, based on regenerative medicine’s approach, aims at obtaining mature cardiomyocytes in vitro by inducing stem cell differentiation or somatic cell reprogramming, including the direct reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes.