Niobium-Alloyed Stainless Steel for Automotive Exhaust Systems
Bachar Fatfat
Niobium-Alloyed Stainless Steel for Automotive Exhaust Systems.
Rel. Paolo Matteis. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Automotive Engineering (Ingegneria Dell'Autoveicolo), 2021
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Abstract
The stringent emission regulations associated with the ecological and economic competition in the automotive sector have forced the OEMs to adopt a continuous improvement approach in optimizing the energy efficiency of the vehicle, which demanded a faster reach of the light-off temperature of the catalytic converter (to be able to decrease the emissions), and the usage of a lighter material. The result of the increased efficiency is a higher exhaust gas temperatures up to 1000-1050°C, where the conventional cast iron exhaust system components in the hot end are not efficient anymore, and inventing a new material that is able to withstand these high temperature while keeping a good mechanical properties is a must, as well as the increase in the warranty period up to 10 years demanded a material that has superior corrosion resistance.
Henceforth, cast iron has evolved to thin sheets of stainless steels, in particular, ferritic stainless steel grades are the most promising as they are found to be lighter, cheaper, and more resistant to the service conditions of the automotive exhaust systems ??Niobium alloyed stainless steels excelled in satisfying the needed requirements, as the addition of niobium to ferritic stainless steel provided the desired high temperature strength, high resistance to creep and oxidation, as well as increased the pitting corrosion resistance for a longer warranty period, all with lighter components which contributed to weight saving and consequently less CO2 emissions
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