Chronic pain is a costly and disabling health issue, affecting one person out of five of the European population. Among the alarming consequences it implicates, the impact on workforce productivity and quality of life are worrisome. Its proper treatment remains challenging. This is due to the poor understanding of its exact neurobiological mechanisms, the lack of reliable biomarkers and the fact that current therapies do not target the several components of pain, which is a multisensory phenomenon implicating also emotional and psychological factors. The aim of this thesis is to develop a neuroadaptive non-invasive brain computer interface to treat pain, based on objective biomarkers and able to address both sensory and emotional components of pain thanks to a combination of innovative technologies.