With the advancement of global medical technology and the rapid development of urbanization, hospital construction has entered a new era. The evolution of the medical model and the development of medical technology have placed higher requirements on the overall planning and design of hospital buildings. The changes in the spectrum of human diseases and the aging of the population have also constantly put forward new requirements for architectural spaces. Many factors make traditional Hospital building design is difficult to meet the flexible development requirements of hospital buildings. With the beginning of December 2019, under the background of the global outbreak of covid-19, the paper launched a study on emergency hospital design and prefabricated hospital buildings.