Andrea Cassani
Heterogeneous catalysis for C-C coupling reactions: insights, main drawbacks and DFT modeling perspectives.
Rel. Mauro Banchero. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Ingegneria Chimica E Dei Processi Sostenibili, 2020
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Abstract
The C-C cross-coupling reactions are organometallic condensation reactions between two organic groups, borne by two different substrates, and catalyzed by transition metal-based catalysts. They were discovered in the 20th century and gained great importance later, thanks to the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, these industries exploit the reactions for substituting complex and not eco-friendly steps of common organic synthesis paths, with greener ones. Indeed, once well-understood, this group of reactions allows to work under mild conditions, even with non-toxic solvents like water. During the last years, the most utilized catalytic systems were in-solution solubilized homogeneous systems, namely phosphine-based complexes of palladium.
Though, heterogeneous catalysis offers a valuable alternative, in terms of ease in recycling the catalyst, purifying the liquid phase and isolating the reaction product
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