The thesis is aiming at strengthening the effects of implementation of lean principles when applied in healthcare context. In the first chapter will be presented a big picture of Italian healthcare system, in order to define main features of the industry taken into consideration, especially challenges and criticalities that are constantly pushing innovation and improvement in the healthcare environment. In the second chapter the key concepts and values of lean thinking will be described, highlighting how lean philosophy modifies company’s attitude toward improvements and changes, enhancing optimization of resources and the reduction of all possible source of waste, through the entire values stream.