Bone reconstruction represents a challenging research field which has gained an increased interest among the scientific community in the last twenty years. Oral and maxillofacial surgery has a fundamental role in this field since its crucial outcome is the restoration of functional and aesthetic aspects of the maxillofacial region, which represents an imperative improvement in the quality of life of patients involved. This study focused on mandibular bone reconstructions, a high loaded anatomical region mostly affected by high recurrence-rate benign and malignant tumours which usually implicate an immediate resection and reconstruction of the compromised missing bone. The clinical practice relies on the autogenous bone grafting, the “gold standard” of mandibular reconstructions, based on the harvesting of the bone from the patient itself; disadvantages arising from this approach led to new proposed solutions which, nevertheless, still presents deficiency mostly in terms of osteointegration of the graft and restoration of biomechanics of the original bone.