Structural engineers have an important role in the development of sustainability concept. The main reason is due to the necessity to reduce the energy and resource requirements and the environmental impacts from the construction process. In a specific way, the task for a structural engineer is not only the application of structural concepts, but also and above all sustainability promotion and education. While research is essential for a forthcoming future, education is focused in impressing sustainability concepts in the future generation of younger engineers. Traditional construction materials consume large amounts of raw materials and energy, and contribute to environmental impact. In the last few years, numerous alternative materials, from by-products to agricultural waste materials and recently developed nano-materials, have been used as cement and aggregate replacement.