This thesis is developed at the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS) of the Politecnico di Torino in collaboration with the interdepartmental center Photonext and the Istituto Superiore Mario Boella (ISMB). The object of study and testing is the optical fiber, in particular, the FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensor. FBG technology is one of the most popular solutions for fiber optic sensors. They are used to measure physical properties for instance: vibration, strain, pressure, and temperature. Typically, FBGs used as sensors have lengths of the order of 5 mm, which is very small compared to the length of the optical fiber and acts as a punctual sensor.