Double-Hybrid Powertrain Modelling and Integration in the Conceptual Design Method

To achieve carbon neutrality in aviation by 2050, as targeted by the Green Deal, this thesis explores novel hybrid-electric powertrain solutions. Focusing on a regional aircraft, the analysis investigates the impact of combining hydrogen (used in both fuel cells and combustion), batteries, and kerosene combustion on aircraft performance and environmental impact. A Double-Hybrid Powertrain model, incorporating these energy sources, was developed and integrated within a Conceptual Design Method. Results indicate that a powertrain configuration dominated by fuel cells (80-90\% of total power), in conjunction with by either a small battery or limited kerosene combustion, offers significant potential for reducing both total energy consumption and environmental impact. This configuration also shows promise for improved responsiveness to power transients and the possibility of cruise-optimized fuel cell sizing. While hydrogen combustion alone results in higher energy consumption than conventional kerosene-powered aircraft, even with comparable take-off mass, a fully battery-electric aircraft is projected to be substantially heavier and require significantly more energy unless substantial and currently unforeseen improvements in battery energy density are realized.