Techno-Economic Optimization and Design of a Large-Scale Photovoltaic System

Large-scale photovoltaic power plants have rapidly expanded due to the growing demand for sustainable energy alternatives. The techno-economic design and optimisation of a grid-connected photovoltaic plant is presented in this thesis, with an emphasis on cost-effectiveness and energy production maximisation. With a focus on the importance of renewables in reaching decarbonisation objectives, the study starts with an examination of Italian energy policies and climate goals. The basics of PV technology are then examined, including several module technologies, the properties of solar radiation, and how site selection affects system performance. System sizing, the choice of inverter and transformer, and an analysis of module voltage ranges and string topologies are all included in the engineering design phase. Three different yield estimates are provided using: PVGIS, an annual energy yield estimation and a multivariable hourly simulation. The Photovoltaic plant’s connection with the electrical grid, cable and protection system dimensioning, and adherence to CEI standards, is a crucial component of the project. An economic and environmental analysis is also carried out in the thesis, which examines the system’s potential market competitiveness as well as the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). The results obtained demonstrate that a well-optimized central inverter topology, combined with high-efficiency monocrystalline modules, offers a balance be- tween performance, cost, and long-term sustainability. The study confirms that strategic PV plant design can contribute significantly to the energy transition, providing reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly electricity generation.