Demand responsive transport options in the rural area

There has been a constant lack in transport resources in rural area, hence rural residents have relatively less access to basic opportunities; in highly motorized contemporary societies, residents of rural and other low-density areas are often more car-dependent as a result. In order to facilitate the post-car transition and to propose context sensitive policies, the basic prerequisite is a clear and comprehensive understanding of all alternatives to car. Due to technological developments as well as social changes, DRT (Demand Responsive Transport) has returned to the hot spot of practical exploration in recent years. As a mode of transport adapted to low-density areas, it may be the main option for alternatives. DRT is an elastic alternative to traditional public transport, characterized by lower capacity road vehicles and routes or schedules that can be varied in response to demand. So far, DRT research has shifted from studies on service supply to the direction of market niche and service satisfaction, though relevant studies are still insufficient. Although empirical studies are limited, empirical explorations over the years have resulted in some generic conclusions and recommendations. DRT is often treated as a single option, but there are different DRT service schemes which suitability to low density areas depends on several factors. Given the local sensitivity of DRT service schemes, this thesis provides a comprehensive examination of different types of transport provision and a tentative assessment of their suitability to different contexts. In doing so, the thesis aims to contribute to bridging a gap in research. Within the theoretical framework of the RECAP project, a set of DRT alternatives to the car in low-density areas is explored. After a literature review on the challenges of rural accessibility and demand-responsive transport, the demand-responsive transport options are classified into three categories (fleet sharing, for-hire ride services, not-for-hire ride services). Based on the review of literature and research projects, the features of these options are analysed and assessed against a set of territorial features. The result of the study is a matrix comparing the characteristics of different types of transport provision, as well as a discussion about their local adaptability.