Modeling in real-time active distribution networks

The rise of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) connected to the distribution sys- tem, either alongside or replacing traditional turbine-generator power plants, is leading to Low-Inertia Power Systems. These systems require the development of innovative solutions to effectively manage frequency stability. The Real Time Simulation (RTS ) is a fundamental tool for testing and enhancing strategies and hardware solutions before their implementation on the field. This work examines the various aspects of implementing a RTS for a distribution electrical grid, covering from the theoretical foundations of simulations to the prac- tical application of a model using an OPAL-RT simulator. Modeling a distribution power network poses unique challenges compared to the more commonly simulated transmission grids. This discussion addresses several key issues related to this type of simulations, including the modeling of static converters, implementing a tree topology in the simulator, and choosing appropriate solvers to address the specific simulation challenges associated with this modeling approach.