In an environment that promotes environmental protection and energy conservation, new energy vehicles (NEVs) have developed rapidly, becoming a research hotspot in the current international automotive industry, as well as a point of political and economic competition between countries. The first part of this article introduces the current condition and challenges of NEVs in major economies, including competition within the automotive industry and business games between countries. The emergence of an emerging product requires the support of national policies and consumers, as well as healthy competition and appropriate business cooperation among peers. In the second part of the article, we will analyse the strategic choices and responses made by each country to the emergence of NEVs.