Transformation of rural areas into nearly-zero energy communities - The case village of Toiano in Italy =

To be prepared for the opportunities and challenges presented by the new world, rural areas, especially villages, must adapt as attention gradually shifts to sustainability and energy efficiency. This category’s historic conventional villages are distinguished by a large number of historically significant buildings, inadequate transportation and infrastructure, and low levels of energy efficiency. On the other hand, these kinds of villages offer enormous potential for change in the direction of greater environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, and economic vibrancy. Renovating the village for energy efficiency is relevant not only to mitigate climate change but also to improve the standard of living for residents. In another way, it means bringing life back to forgotten communities and extending a warm welcome to newcomers. By reducing energy use and optimizing the exploitation of renewable resources, villages will gain autonomy, reduce energy costs, and even take a small step toward becoming smart. Such energy-efficient renovations can ensure sustainability and continued vibrancy for these communities, along with the preservation of their cultural and historical significance by maintaining historic details. This study focuses on the renovation of Toiano village as an example of a rural area, aiming to transform it into a near-zero energy community by adhering to Italian legislation. The primary objective is to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings, with a particular emphasis on reducing the thermal energy required for heating and cooling. To achieve this, CitySim Pro will be utilized as the simulation tool to model and optimize energy consumption. Photovoltaic (PV) panels will serve as the main source of renewable energy, supporting the village’s transition to near-zero energy status. The proposal and master plan of the project will be presented in two alternatives. The achievement of near-zero energy in a village requires consideration of several complementary issues within the energy infrastructure. Improvement of building infrastructures for insulation and purposes of heating and cooling, installation of complementary renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic panels or wind turbines, and education on the use of sustainable practices like energy-efficient appliances are means to do so, while smart grid technologies are a means to achieve that goal. Further, unique village traits should be reflected upon so that energy performance enhancement is not done at the cost of the cultural and architectural heritage that defines the community.