Techno-economic Assessment on Flow Batteries for the Industrial Sector in Spain

In the context of decarbonisation, climate change adaptation, and security of supply, industry decarbonisation is one of the main concerns in the European Union affecting the industrial sector development. Despite the sector acknowledges this fact, the wide range of technologies and their rapid development are some of the barriers that need to be overcome in order to achieve the policy, societal, and industrial owners’ targets. As the demand for decarbonisation intensifies across economic sectors and renewable energy gains prominence, the development of energy storage technologies is crucial to achieve high shares. However, the diversity of industry requirements is a challenge, particularly in sectors where capacity holds paramount importance. In addressing this niche, flow batteries are one of the most promising technologies, bridging the gap closed and open energy storage systems. Considering the high renewable share in Spain, this research critically evaluates the viability of flow batteries as a strategic decarbonisation product for the industrial sector in Spain. Through a comprehensive techno-economic analysis, the agents that may either impede or accelerate the technology’s integration are identified such as optimal load profiles, conditions for adoption and strategic market considerations. The outcome provides a nuanced understanding, guiding industries towards informed decision-making in the evolving energy landscape.