Analysis of space agencies' technology portfolios

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the temporal and comparative trends of the upstream and downstream portfolios of space companies. The research sectors initially skewed towards the upstream sector. However, since 2000, the downstream sector has seen an exponential surge, becoming dominant. Most space companies studied show a higher cosine similarity with the downstream sector. Interestingly, a shift towards the upstream sector has been observed during 2020 - 2023, likely due to the rise of private space companies that rely on the support of national and international space agencies. In a broader context, the study reveals interesting dynamics when comparing the strategic focus of different space entities. There are instances of both competition and collaboration, with some entities displaying similar strategic objectives, while others show divergent priorities. Some entities prioritize upstream technologies, such as launch vehicles and ground stations, while others lean towards downstream technologies, including Earth observation and space science. These differences can be attributed to varying technological priorities, strategic objectives, and resource availability. The research also uncovers a noticeable disparity between certain entities, suggesting potential for collaboration and specialization in distinct technological areas. This could pave the way for strong alliances in research and project development, leading to mutual benefits and advancements in space technology. In conclusion, the study anticipates that space companies will increasingly concentrate their efforts on the development of upstream technologies. They are expected to make significant investments to secure cutting-edge technology, which can then be supplied to private companies. These private entities, in turn, can leverage this technology to deliver large-scale services to terrestrial populations. This strategy allows the space entities to maintain their technological edge in critical areas of international balance, while also opening up avenues for substantial returns.