Implementation of Crew Systems aspects from the International Space Station to Moon and Deep Space exploration Programs

Setting a human presence in space has gained increasing interest starting from the Space Race and throughout the International Space Station era. Nowadays, NASA is leading a global endeavor for human-led exploration and scientific discovery in deep space known as Moon-to-Mars Architecture. Part of this is the Artemis program, through which NASA – in cooperation with International Partners and private companies – intends to return humans to the Moon within this decade and to establish an initial base on its surface. This will pave the way for a subsequent sustainable and permanent presence on the lunar surface. Moon exploration will then be extended to establish a human presence on Mars. In the design of inhabited spacecraft for this purpose, Crew Systems find a crucial role: they are the set of hardware and software that heavily contribute in making a pressurized volume livable by human beings. From the partial gravity environment to the hazards of abrasive dust particles, there are several key differences in the design of surface modules compared to orbital ones. This thesis focuses on the analysis and implementation of Crew Systems and Human Factor aspects in the design of habitable modules, with special emphasis on the case of a lunar surface module. The study starts with a functional analysis of the module in order to assess its implication on the requirements for crew accommodation and operations, that are subsequently derived, and ends in the definition of a verification strategy for each of them. Finally, the possibility of a physical or virtual mockup is assessed. This is based on the Human-Centered Design approach to enter the astronauts feedback into the design, on the need of verification tests and on the potential upgrade to training model.