Thermo-vacuum chamber validation of electro-adhesive technologies produced through printed electronics, for grasping mechanisms for active debris removal and in-orbit servicing applications

This thesis presents a comprehensive approach to designing an experimental procedure for the validation of an electro-adhesive technology produced through printed electronic in a space-like environment: a thermal vacuum chamber testing campaign. This electro-adhesive technology is designed to be used in space missions for active debris removal and in-orbit servicing. Current space operations involving grasping and handling of asset are limites by establishing a physical interface with objects in a hostile environment such as space. The objective of this project is to demonstrate that an electro-adhesive technology is suitable for space applications concerning thermovacuum conditions. This work was conducted at AdapTronics, a deep tech start-up that produces adaptive mechatronic devices. The research involved an in-depth analysis of ECSS standards concerning space-like environment testing. The specific requirements for simulating space-like conditions were identified, encompassing factors such as extreme temperature and vacuum pressure. The phenomenon of outgassing and the associated screening test were given particular attention, as it is the most impactful on the performance of on-board electronics. A comprehensive experimental protocol was drafted for the validation campaign. This protocol outlines the specific procedures, environmental conditions and performance metrics necessary to rigorously evaluate the electro-adhesive gripper technology in a space-like environment, simulated in a thermal vacuum chamber. Experimental protocols were identified to perform two types of test: a static test, aimed at evaluating the how the outgassing phenomenon impacts the electro-adhesive grippers, and a dynamic test, to evaluate grippers’ performance in a vacuum environment. The design of a test bench, destined for placement within the thermal vacuum chamber, was a pivotal step. It is represented by a dedicated plate, designed to accommodate the electro-adhesive gripper technology within the company's thermal vacuum chamber. It is specifically tailored to the unique requirements of the technology and it includes special provisions for the integration in the harsh environment of the thermal vacuum chamber concerning materials, wiring and sensors. The static experimental campaign was executed, following the developed protocol. This involved subjecting the electro-adhesive technology to the extreme conditions of the vacuum environment. The data collected during the campaign will become part of a database, which collects information on the performance of electro-adhesive gripper technology to the different materials tested. In conclusion, this thesis established a comprehensive and systematic approach for evaluating electro-adhesive technologies behaviour and performance in a vacuum environment, in accordance with ECSS standards. The development of the experimental protocol, the design of the test bench and the execution of the campaign mark a significant step forward in the integration of these electro-adhesive technologies into space missions, to provide improved capabilities for active debris removal and in-orbit servicing applications.