"IMPLEMENTING CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN CITIES THROUGH WASTE MANAGEMENT A LESSON -LEARNED APPROACH" =

The excessive increase of raw materials during past decades, lack of attention to high waste production, and related environmental impacts have led to a rise in greenhouse gases and, as a result, climate change. This research thesis examines the Dutch governmental legacy implementation system based on the new action plans and circular economy through waste management; its track down from the international to local level. Analysis involved stakeholders and engagement on the new Amsterdam city doughnut tool to reach circular economy targets. The best practice result proposes in the Italian context, the metropolitan city of Turin. The Netherlands and the city of Amsterdam are very well known for the newly presented tool called Doughnut. the proposed model establishes the basic social needs and puts the ecological boundaries defined as essential needs to make the planet livable. The methodological framework is divided into three phases to understand the governmental hierarchy system to implement the regulation and stakeholder engagement to reach circularity. The first phase investigates the existence of common agreements and policies at the international level; then, it narrows down to the national and the current plan to compare with defined criteria. More details are present in the existing tools and their comparisons regarding the study topic. The second phase focuses on expert interviews in both study cities and, consequently, the SWOT analysis. The last phase validates the lesson learned into practice for the Italian context and, more specifically, metropolitan Turin. The results argue the different vision points in both tools; Doughnut is presented as a bottom-up model that acquires social needs within the planet, assessed with the monitor plan. Moreover, Doughnut is a pilot-adopted model in Amsterdam, and the city needs to achieve more policies to reach its circularity targets. In addition to considering other significant co2 producers in the future proposed plan. However, circular Turin scales as a top-down model, following eight main objectives, with no presented monitoring framework. Therefore, the recommendation is submitted separately into both case studies to strengthen the existing government's circular tools to meet the targets and future development. By integrating the insights of various case studies and the new city Doughnut, the best lesson acquired for the Italian context is presented as a combination of the Norwegian diamond model and city Doughnut. Keywords: Circular Economy, Waste management, City Doughnut, Circular Turin, Circular cities