Infinite Broadway: la lunga piazza

1. Manhattan: città veloce VS città lenta

1.1. La città americana

1.2. Mannahatta e il 'gridiron plan'

1.3. La griglia veloce: il traffico

1.4. La griglia lenta: i neighborhoods

1.5. Broadway: dalle origini alla pedonalizzazione

2. La presunta morte dello spazio pubblico americano

2.1. Storia dello spazio pubblico nello sviluppo di'Manhattan'

2.2. La 'res publica' contemporanea della Grande Mela

2.3. Public Space Map

2.4. Pocket Spaces

2.4.1. Vest Pocket Parks [PaleyPark]

2.4.2. Community Gardens [6th Street and B Avenue Garden]

2.4.3. Atrii e gallerie [IBM Atrium]

2.4.4. Mercati [Zuccotti Market Park]

2.5. Neihborhood Spaces

2.5.1. Piazze aziendali [Seagram Plaza]

2.5.2. Parchi di quartiere [High Line]

2.5.3. Parchi giochi [Sara Roosvelt Park]

2.6. Urban Spaces

2.6.1. Piazze urbane [Union Square]

2.6.2. Parchi urbani [BryantPark]

2.7. Territorial Spaces

2.7.1. Piazze a scala territoriale [Times Square]

2.7.2. Parchi a scala territoriale [Central Park]

3. Infinite Broadway

3.1. L'utopia della griglia

3.2. Un'isola di isole

3.3. Spazio pubblico puntiforme VS spazio pubblico continuo

3.4. Una città pubblica orizzontale

3.5. Immagini dalla Broadway

4. Istantanee dalla Grande Mela

5. Ringraziamenti

6. Riferimenti bibliografici

•Jane Jacobs, The death and life of great american cities, Random House, New York, 1961

•William H.Whyte, The Social life of Striali Urban Urban Spaces, Project for Public Spaces, New York, 1980

•Cooper Hewitt Museum, Urban open spaces, Rizzoli, New York, 1981

•William H. Whyte, City, rediscovering the center, Anchor Books Doubleday, New York, 1990

•Michael Sorkin, Variations on a theme park : the new American city and the end of public space, Hill and Wang, New York, 1992

•Richard Sennett, The fall of public man, W.W.Norton, New York, 1992

•Jon Lang, Urban design : the american experience, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1994

•Don Mitchell, 'The End of the Public Space? People's Park, Definitions of the Public, and Democracy', Blackwell Publishers, Cambridge, 1995

•Sharon Zukin, The cultures of cities, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 1995

•Michael Sorkin, Traffic in Democracy, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 1999 -Chase John, Margaret Crawford and John Kaliski, Everyday Urbanism, Monacelli Press, New York, 1999

•Robert Wojtowicz, Sidewalk Critic: Lewis Mumford's Writings on New York, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2000

•Kayden Jerold S, Privately owned public space: the New York City experience, the New York City Department of City Planning, the Municipal Art Society of New York, New York, 2000

•David J. Smiley, Sprawl and public space : redressing The Mail, National Endowment for the arts, Washington, DC, 2002

•Zaira Dato Toscano, Frank O. Gehry per il Waterfront di Lower Manhattan : il progetto di modifica in una città sull'acqua, Gangemi, Roma, 2002

•ZoèRyan.The Good Life: New Public Spaces For Recreation, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2006

•Kristine F. Miller, Designs on the Public: The Private Lives of New York's Public Spaces, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2007

•Matthew Carmona, Claudio de Magalhàes and Leo Hammond, Public space : the management dimension, Routledge, New York, 2008

•Rem Koolhaas, Delirious New York : un manifesto retroattivo per Manhattan, Electa, Milano, 2009

•Michael Sorkin, Twenty minutes in Manhattan, New York, 2009

•Zuker Paul, Town and Square. From agorà to the Village Green, Columbia University Press, New York, 1959

•Favole Paolo, Squares in contemporary architecture, The Netherlands: Architectura & Natura press, 1995

•Olmsted Frederik Law, Landscape architect, 1822-1903, G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1970 -Cranz Galen, The politics of park design: a history of urban parks in America, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1982

•Thompson William, The rebirth of New York City's Bryant Park, D.C. Spacemaker Press, Washington, 1997

•Setha Low, Dana Taplin, Susanne Scheld, Rethinking urban parks. Public space and cultural diversity, University of Texas press, Austin, 2005

•Rai Y Okamoto, U r b a n design Manhattan, A Studio Book, New York, 1969

•Mollenkopf John Hull e Castells Manuel, Dual city: restructuring New York, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 1991

•William R.Taylor, New York. Le origini di un mito, Marsilio, Milano, 1994

•Homberger Eric, New York City, Bruno Mondadori, Milano, 2003

•Hilary Ballon, Robert Moses and the modern city : the transformation of New York, Norton & Company, New York, 2007

tesi di laurea

•Elisa Ravazzoli, Alla ricerca della piazze nella capitale del grattacielo. Manhattan: un'analisi degli spazi pubblici contemporanei, Tesi di Laurea in Geografia Urbana, Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia di Bologna, rel. Prof. Silvia Gaddoni, correl. Prof. Laura Federzoni, a.a. 2005/2006

•Mitchell D. (1995),The end of public space? People's Park, definition of the public, and democracy. The Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 85 (1):108-133.

•Z. Muge Akkar, New-generation Public Spaces - How 'Inclusive' Are They?, Middle East Technical University, Department of City and Regional Planning, paper 00061

sitografia:

•http://www.designtrust.org e •http://designtrust.blogspot.com

•http://www.nycgovparks.org

•www.pps.org

•www.metropolismag.com