Fatigue damage in Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) is affected by most of the physical phenomena characterizing the study of mechanical components. Mechanical energy transformation by means of deformable bodies inevitably leads to stress and strain fields. Thermal energy involvement makes the role of temperature primary since thermal expansion and thermal diffusivity effects are not negligible, especially if transient states are taken into account. Moreover, thermal cycling for certain temperature regimes may lead to creep phenomena that contribute to fatigue damage and Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF). Additionally, the contribution of inertia in the dynamic equilibrium of the system combines with elastic forces and external loads, paving the way to the world of resonances and vibrations.