Jole Seminara
Market dominance of GAFA companies and challenges posed to competition policy.
Rel. Carlo Cambini. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Ingegneria Gestionale, 2019
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Abstract
With the innovation brought by digital transformation and the so-called “Big Data era” a need for changes is demanded, with greater concern over the consequences that the growing power of digital companies could provoke. Online platforms became very big in the last ten years, with a speed rate of growth without precedents and they became part of people’s everyday life thanks to their being economically convenient and accessible by everyone has an Internet connection. While in the US the problem is still unseen or underestimated because of their Schumpeterian approach to competition, EU Commission in the last years is actively moving to reestablish fair competition, by acting against some major digital platforms (Google was particularly targeted), introducing new regulations to protect users’ data (GDPR) and discussing about future steps.
The work focuses on online platforms in general and in particular on the four biggest online platforms known as GAFA: Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple; the aim is to investigate how these companies were able to dominate their market and expand their domain into other adjacent markets too in a very short period of time, discussing whether they used or are using anticompetitive instruments to do so and whether their exponential growth brings competition issues or problems of other nature
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