Sound and light in school environments : development of a preliminary parametric design approach

Preface

Acknowledgments

Abstarct

Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Research objectives

1.2 Structure of the thesis

1.3 Case study

2 Acoustic

2.2 Parameters target

2.2.1 Reverberation Time

2.2.2 Clarity

2.1.3 Definition

2.2.4 Early Decay Time

2.2.5 Signal-To-Noise Ratio

2.2.6 Speech Transmission Index

2.2.7 Equivalent Noise Level

2.3 The effects of noise on learning

2.3.1 Consequences of a high vocal effort

2.4 Acoustics requirements

2.5 Design solutions to control noise

2.5.1 Control of external noise levels

2.5.2 Control of internal noise levels

2.5.3 Acoustics bridges and installations

2.6 Design solutions to control reverberation

2.6.1 Solutions and materials for sound absorption

2.7 Classroom B current situation

2.7.1 Acoustics simulations process

2.7.2 Digital model of the real classroom B

2.7.3 Surfaces' properties and analysis settings

2.7.4 Model calibration

2.8 Acoustic design

2.8.1 Parametric model and analysis specifications

2.8.2 Preliminary acoustic design study

2.8.2.1 The diffusing panel on the lower front wall

2.8.2.2 The last raw of seats

2.8.2.3 Other consfigurations with particular ceilings

2.9 Acoustic multi-objective optimization

2.9.1 Simulation setup

2.9.2 Types of ceilings

2.1 0 Multi-objective optimization results

2.10.1 Ceiling type n° 1 optimization

2.10.1.1 Best acoustic treatment obtained

2.10.2 Ceiling type n° 2 optimization

2.10.2.1 Best acoustic treatment obtained

2.10.3 Final multi-objective optimization

2.10.3.1 Best acoustic treatment obtained

2.11 Conclusion

3 Lighting

3.1 Lighting Design

3.1.1 Task/Activity Lighting

3.1.2 Lighting for Visual Amenity

3.1.3 Lighting and Architectural Integration

3.1.4 Lighting and Energy Efficiency

3.1.5 Lighting Maintenance

3.1.6 Lighting Costs

3.2 Lighting Design Guidance

3.2.1 UNI EN 12464

3.2.2 UNI 10840

3.3 Design Parameters of Natural Lighting

3.3.1 Daylight Factor (FLDm)

3.3.2 Climate-based daylight modelling (CBDM)

3.4 Case studies current situation

3.4.1 Classroom B

3.4.1.1 3D Model

3.4.1.2 Traditional parameters analysis - DF.

3.4.1.3 Dynamic parameters analysis - CBDM

3.4.1.4 Dynamic parameters analysis - Glare

3.4.2 Classroom Y.

3.4.2.1 3D Model

3.4.2.2 Traditional parameters analysis - DF.

3.4.2.3 Dynamic parameters analysis - CBDM

3.4.2.4 Dynamic parameters analysis - Glare

3.5 Case studies comparison

3.6 Lighting design

3.6.1 Classroom Y study model

3.6.1.1 Test n° 1

3.6.1.2 Test n° 2

3.6.1.3 Test n° 3

3.7 Conclusion

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Bibliography

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