Development of a Life Cycle Assessment Model for eVTOL Aircraft

The growing focus on environmental sustainability in the aviation sector has increased interest in applying Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods to new eVTOL (electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing) aircraft. These aircraft, which are set to become key elements of future Urban Air Mobility (UAM) and Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) systems, present specific challenges and opportunities for environmental impact assessment due to their innovative configurations and electric propulsion systems. This thesis is based on the tool developed by Pietro Vivalda for the LCA of regional aircraft, adapting and expanding it for the life cycle assessment of eVTOL aircraft. The work has led to the development of a parametric and modular model capable of analysing the environmental impact of different eVTOL configurations and components, including structure, propulsion system, energy source (batteries or fuel cells), systems and materials. The methodology adopted is based on a process-based LCA approach, which allows the most impactful factors to be assessed and choices to be guided during the early stages of design. A review of the state of the art of LCA applications in the aeronautical sector and in eVTOLs forms the basis for the methodological choices made. The adapted model was tested with representative case studies, exploring different configurations and energy sources. The results identified factors that influence environmental impact, such as the use of composite materials. In conclusion, the work demonstrates the potential of LCA as a decision-making tool for the sustainable development of eVTOLs and contributes to improving the environmental performance of future air mobility systems.