In recent years, the European Union has introduced policies aimed at reducing CO2 emissions, such as the "European Green Deal", which includes achieving Net-Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2050 . The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) plays a key role in this effort. The success of EV sales has significantly increased the demand for critical raw materials such as lithium and cobalt for batteries, as well as rare earth elements (REEs) used in electric motors (EMs) . Additionally, the prices of these materials are subject to high volatility [3]. Finding solutions to limit and/or recycle the use of these materials is essential for a sustainable future.