The healthcare supply chain is a fundamental component of the global healthcare ecosystem, characterized by high complexity and stringent regulations. Efficient management and continuous updates are essential to address challenges related to technological innovation, sustainability, and the ever-evolving market dynamics. This research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the healthcare supply chain through three research questions, focusing on lean production, sustainability, and the operational, economic, environmental, and social aspects of the healthcare supply chain. The approach adopted is a systematic literature review (SLR), a rigorous and structured method that enables the identification, selection, and critical analysis of relevant studies, thus providing a clear overview of the state of the art in this field.