The rise of the new space economy represents a paradigm shift. In this context, the extraction of space resources represents a key opportunity to sustain space exploration and reduce the reliance on Earth resources. Lunar water could be converted into fuel, helium-3 might revolutionize clean energy production, and rare metals could enhance technological advancements. However, international agreements are outdated, general, and hardly enforceable. This created a legal void that has been filled by some national laws, contributing to the fragmentation of the regulatory landscape. This thesis analyzes and examines the shortcomings of current international agreements and national laws in addressing equitability, environmental, and governance challenges.