Optimizing Mining Operations: E-LHD Machine for Sustainability, Efficiency and Safety.

This thesis explores the transformative shift from diesel-powered Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) machines to battery-electric alternatives in underground mining, with a detailed case study at IMI Fabi’s operations. The integration of the Scooptram ST14 Battery LHD marks a significant advancement towards sustainable mining practices, addressing both environmental concerns and operational efficiency. Through empirical analysis and comparative evaluations, this research not only highlights substantial enhancements in energy consumption and emissions reduction but also underscores the challenges related to the extensive mining required for battery mineral extraction. The key findings show that battery electric LHDs reduce CO₂ emissions, improve air quality and reduce energy costs by reducing or even eliminating the need for ventilation and the use of diesel fuel. However, the sustainability of this technology is critically analyzed by looking at the full life cycle impacts of battery production and these involve the substantial mining activities that are required to procure battery minerals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel. The study recommends that there should be a holistic view of sustainability that incorporates these upstream impacts and calls on the mining industry to adopt more responsible and efficient approaches to resource extraction. Future recommendations include the improvement of battery recycling technologies, the creation of less resource demanding battery systems, and the improvement of regulatory systems to encourage sustainable mining. In this way, the thesis seeks to help advance the already ongoing transition to electric LHDs and support the evolution of a more environmentally conscious mining industry globally.