Life Cycle Analysis of an Innovative Oligomineral Water Dispensing System

This thesis presents a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a sustainable vending machine system designed to dispense oligomineral water in reusable paper bottles. Motivated by the urgent need to reduce single-use plastic waste and support the transition toward a circular economy, this study evaluates both the production and usage stages of the vending machine and the paper bottles, with particular focus on material consumption, energy usage, and environmental impact. Using standardized LCA methods, including Environmental Footprint (EF) method, Single issue method IPCC 2021 and Single issue method CED (Cumulative Energy Demand), the research identifies major contributors to the system environmental impact, such as fossil resource dependency and emissions generated during material production. Key findings suggest that replacing traditional energy sources with renewables and reducing material waste can markedly improve environmental outcomes. Recommendations include adopting a renewable energy mix to power the vending machines, minimizing standby energy consumption, and optimizing the bottle material composition and design to reduce emissions and waste. This thesis demonstrates that ecoinnovative vending solutions can offer an impactful alternative to single-use plastic bottles, aligning with European sustainability goals and paving the way for more responsible water consumption.