Decarbonization of road construction and maintenance. An analysis of best practices through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology.

The construction and maintenance of road infrastructure are major contributors to global carbon emissions, with heavy machinery playing a pivotal role in this impact. This thesis explores the potential for decarbonization within the framework of "zero pavement," a novel pavement type composed of five distinct layers. Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), this research evaluates the environmental impacts associated with construction equipment used in the installation of this pavement, focusing on fuel consumption, carbon emissions, and operational efficiency. The study examines various installation equipment, including pavers, rollers, sprayers, and sweepers, analyzing analysesel consumption rates and resulting emissions. By comparing traditional diesel-powered machinery with newer, more efficient models, including those with improved fuel consumption and lower emissions, the research identifies significant opportunities for reducing the carbon footprint associated with road construction. The findings emphasize that while advancements in installation equipment can lead to notable reductions in fuel consumption and emissions, the most substantial impacts arise from upstream processes and transportation. To achieve comprehensive sustainability, it is essential to consider the entire lifecycle of the construction process, including upstream and downstream emissions. The results underscore the need for a holistic approach to decarbonization that extends beyond improving installation equipment to include enhanced upstream analyses and reductions in scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions. This work offers actionable insights for optimizing equipment performance and adopting sustainable practices, thereby contributing to the broader goal of achieving environmentally responsible infrastructure development through innovative engineering solutions and effective resource management.