This thesis focuses on an economic analysis of the Sicilian economy, with a general overview on the last 150 years using the available data, and a more detailed analysis on the last 30 years. The aim of the thesis is not to find solutions, but the more detailed and complete analysis possible of the state of the economy, also "taking advantage" of the personal eye of the student coming from Sicily, and perhaps propose what could be done different in terms of political manouvers that have been put in place. In the first part, through an in-depth historical, geographical, and administrative analysis, a comprehensive picture is painted of the regional dynamics that have influenced the Sicilian economy.