IMPLEMENTATION OF V2H IN THE TWO-WHEELER MARKET

In recent years, and especially after the European Union decided to ban the sale of new gasoline and diesel cars from 2035, the interest in the future of e-mobility has grown steeply. The greater market share of electric vehicles will lead to problems concerning energy distribution on the public grid, which will be increasingly subjected to outages due to the peak request during charging periods of electric vehicles. In fact, during the evening hours, when the greatest part of the electric vehicles will be connected to the grid and charging, the overall power request will be higher than that for which the cities have been designed. To solve this problem, research centers and in general the automotive industry started thinking about the development of alternative charging methods. The first solution has been Smart Charging, which allows scheduling of electric vehicle charging. Then, Vehicle-to-Home and Vehicle-to-Grid were developed, the basis of this technology stands in the concept of bidirectional charging, which is the capability to manage the charging and discharging cycles of the vehicle while plugged in. The Vehicle-to-Grid technology is used to feed energy back to the grid, while Vehicle-to-Home is based on supplying a household or managing better peak power request periods. This thesis work, which has been conducted in collaboration with KTM F&E, aimed at the early phase development of a new system, following the innovative idea of implementing Vehicle-to-Home technology in the motorcycle market. Starting from the first step of the work, it consisted of a deep literature review, and this has been of fundamental importance to put down the basis of the work, defining which is the starting point and which are the boundaries in which it is possible to act and make decisions. Furthermore, also the state-of-the-art technology had to be assessed to allow a conscious development of the project. The second and third steps, are concerned with the modelling, simulation, and analysis of two different models that can be perceived as two sides of the same coin. The first model has the objective of analysing in depth the detailed system and component physical modelling, based on a short-time horizon since the aspects to inspect can be observed during the transient phase, clearly observable in the first few seconds of simulation. Through these results, it has been possible to define the architecture that gave the best behaviour under each loading condition, and this layout has been the basis for further developments. Instead, the second model had the aim of analyzing the energy transfers in the entire system, to have an overall view of how the system would behave during an entire year of usage, from the cycling behaviour to the capability of the house to power itself through the supply from the electric motorbike battery. In the end, the results are presented and discussed, with observations regarding the feasibility of the project, giving particular importance to the balance of costs and benefits from customers and company point of view.