Conversion of Abandoned Hydrocarbon Structures into Geothermal Wells for Sustainable Energy Production in Sedimentary Basins

Geothermal energy has gained increasing attention in recent years as a sustainable and renewable energy source that can be utilized for electricity generation, heating and cooling spaces, and various industrial uses. This heightened interest is due to its numerous advantages, including minimal environmental impact, consistent power output, low greenhouse gas emissions, and global availability. These factors collectively position geothermal energy as a significant contributor to global energy production in an eco-friendly manner. However, a significant challenge in geothermal exploration is the high initial investment required for drilling geothermal wells. To address this challenge, novel approaches involve repurposing abandoned petroleum wells for geothermal extraction employing open and closed-loop systems. These repurposing approaches could generate income, reduce emissions, and preserve infrastructures. These strategies avoid the high costs and uncertainties of drilling new deep geothermal wells, which have historically presented challenges. Abandoned hydrocarbon wells often have suitable geothermal conditions, making energy repurposing an attractive option. It's crucial that repurposing aligns with local energy needs, existing infrastructure, and technological feasibility and knowledge. Geological context and well’s temperature profiles are key factors in estimating their potential in terms of heat transfer and energy production. The thesis conducts a comprehensive literature review to explore existing geothermal closed-loop applications of energy extraction from abandoned petroleum wells worldwide. Additionally, it presents case studies that underscore the significance of working fluid properties, well and pipe geometrical characteristics, and significant parameters in optimizing geothermal energy production.