Virtual Reality Simulation for Training Paramedics on the Life-saving Intraosseous Insertion Procedure

Although numerous scientific studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of intraosseous (IO) insertion as an alternative method for accessing the central circulatory system when other methods are unsuitable or time-consuming, this procedure remains underutilized in the field of paramedicine. This is partially due to paramedics’ lack of confidence in performing it in inherently complex contexts, such as automobile accidents or sudden medical emergencies where rapid administration of fluids and medications is required. The idea of developing a simulation system that leverages the advantages of virtual reality (VR) arises from the need to overcome the challenges that paramedic trainees face during traditional simulation-based learning, which is costly and resource-inefficient. The main objective of this thesis work is to design and develop an innovative VR simulation aimed at training paramedic trainees and novice healthcare providers to increase their confidence in using the IO insertion. This increased confidence may be crucial for boosting the adoption of the technique in real-life situations. Through a series of iterative phases of co-design, requirement analysis, and testing of usability, user experience, and user engagement, a VR simulation capable of realistically recreating scenarios that paramedics might encounter in the field was developed. One unique aspect of the VR simulation is that it offers the users opportunities to interact with an artificial intelligence (AI) driven virtual assistant and receive additional information that can improve their understanding of the procedure and strengthen their cognitive abilities.