Photogrammetric Underwater and UAS Surveys of Archeological Sites: The Case Study of the Roman Columns of Porto Cesareo

This thesis delves into the exploration and documentation of underwater cultural heritage through the application of photogrammetric techniques and Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). Focusing on the captivating case study of the Roman Columns of Porto Cesareo (Le), this research encompasses both theoretical and practical dimensions to enhance our understanding of underwater archaeological site surveying and preservation. The initial chapters of this study elucidate the significance of underwater cultural heritage and the transformative role of photogrammetry as a non-invasive, precise method for surveying submerged archaeological sites. Additionally, it delves into the specialized domain of underwater photogrammetry, shedding light on the unique challenges and methodologies involved in capturing accurate data in the aquatic environment. The thesis further delves into the meticulous examination of the Shipwreck of the Roman Columns of Porto Cesareo, a submerged historical treasure. Through comprehensive surveys of the site, conducted utilizing advanced UAS and photogrammetric techniques, valuable data was amassed. Subsequent data processing via software such as Agisoft Metashape facilitated the creation of detailed 3D models and visual reconstructions. This study contributes to the realm of heritage documentation by showcasing the effectiveness of photogrammetric methods in capturing intricate details of underwater archaeological structures. By leveraging the outputs of the survey and subsequent data processing, a comprehensive documentation of the Roman Columns was achieved. The outcomes underscore the potential of integrating modern technology into underwater archaeology, emphasizing the importance of precise data acquisition and its applications in cultural heritage preservation. In conclusion, the research exemplifies the synergy between cutting-edge technology and historical preservation, providing insights into the potential for advancing underwater archaeology through photogrammetric and UAS techniques. The case study of the Roman Columns of Porto Cesareo serves as a testament to the value of such methodologies in unraveling submerged historical narratives and ensuring their conservation for future generations.