The respiratory system is exposed to harmful substances reaching the lung during the breathing cycle. For this reason, studying the role of alveolar-capillary barrier in the pulmonary homeostasis plays a fundamental role to understand the pathophysiology of diseases associated with this barrier, such as the asthma, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To achieve this purpose, engineering microdevices platforms called Organ-on-chips (OoCs) are implemented to study the mechanism underlying the functions of a tissue, analyzing the cells environment and fluidic behavior. OoCs are high-throughput in vitro models that describe the architecture, the functionality and dynamic physiological environment into a miniaturized scale in order to analyze in vivo pathological conditions.