Vehicle-to-Grid as secondary frequency reserve support asset

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) is a technology that enables plug-in vehicles to supply energy to the grid in order to provide ancillary services to it (like secondary frequency reserve). The Italian TSO (Transmission System Operator) Terna uses a dedicated market called MSD (Dispatching Services Market) to purchase the services that guarantee continuity and stability of the power supply. In the last few years, Terna began pilot projects for increasing the number of suppliers that can provide ancillary services. One of these is the UVAM (Virtually Aggregated Hybrid Units) project, that includes among the different assets also electric vehicles. This thesis aims to show that the economic convenience exists if V2G technology takes part in Secondary Frequency Regulation. The analysed case study considers a parking lot for plug-in cars that are enabled to constitute a group of UVAM that participate to the market as a single entity. The thesis (1) shows an analysis of the Italian Electricity Market public data of the year 2019 available on GME site and (2) report results of the case study,i.e., the remuneration obtained. Regarding the point (1), a Matlab script has been implemented for the calculation of the probability for an offer to be accepted on the market. The script receives the market public offers and the maximum quantity submitted for an offer/bid linked to the power of a plant and generates, for each Italian Market zone for Secondary Frequency Regulation, (a) the outputs trends ( annual, daily and hourly) of probability and (b) trends of offers price and quantities. Moreover, a further Matlab script has been created for the point (2). It simulates the participation of the parking lot as a 3MW power supplier to the market. If the offers are accepted, the remuneration is calculated using rules provided by Terna. The script receives output data from (1) and general specifications of the parking lot (like the total energy injected/withdrawn in one hour), and provides as output the values of remuneration hourly based. The results of this thesis are important for the implementation of the two scripts in a market strategy, aiming at maximizing the profits.