Nanoparticles are nano-sized drug carriers used to improve the transport, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of encapsulated drugs. In cancer treatment, nanoparticles have been widely applied by virtue of their ability to reduce the side effects of systemic chemotherapy caused by the undesired off target accumulation and to enhance treatment selectivity. Indeed, nanoparticles are known to selectively interact with certain tumours by exploiting the Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, or to actively negotiate with cancer cells through recognition between target-specific receptors and ligands on nanoparticles’ surface. Moreover, since nanoparticles host drugs inside a core, which can be made of different materials, they preserve drug integrity during its transport, reducing degradation and clearance, thereby maximizing the available dose.