The object of this paper is to analyze the olive oil market, starting from a global view of the state, we go into detail about the Italian situation. In detail, starting from a general overview of the product, it will be analyzed the demand and production from an economic quantitative and qualitative point of view and emphasizing import and export of this product at world level and the central role of Italy. Finally, an economic analysis will be made of the Xylella Fastidiosa, phenomenon that has impacted and is continuing to impact the Italian olive oil market, especially in the Apulia region.