The rapid traffic growth, the consumption of natural resources, and environmental concerns are directing the design of future infrastructures to be economical and sustainable. In this regard, cement-treated base material increases pavements' bearing capacity and improves the load distribution to the underlying foundation. Its combination with an asphalt layer has excellent potential to guarantee a long life with minimum maintenance. Although several studies have been conducted to investigate the properties of cement-treated base material, the influence of its components is not totally clear to fully exploit this material's potential. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the variation of mechanical and physical properties of cement-treated base materials at the variation of some parameters, such as the lithic skeleton, the cement content, the water content, and the dimension of specimens.