Renovation Design of Common Courtyard in Historic Block -- Renovation of Hehuatang Block in Nanjing，China

The spatial pattern formed by the connection of streets and alleys with courtyards is a common spatial phenomenon in China's historical districts, which is closely related to the daily activities of residents and the development history of districts. In recent years, the research and design of the urban old city block morphology mostly focus on the relationship between the space and the form of the block, but the research on the relationship between the residents' daily behavior and the courtyard space is insufficient. Based on the theory of typology, this paper discusses the development and evolution of the common courtyard, a living place spontaneously formed by residents in a high-density historic block, from two dimensions of morphology and behavior. Pointed out that "common courtyard" as one of the residents of the importance of collective living space unit, and the total of compound type, analyzed the economic, social, and the impact on total of compound material space form, help to understand the complexity and diversity in the morphology of historical block, for the further study of collective memory and spatial diversity in the historical block foundation was established. This article takes Nanjing Hehuatang Historic and Cultural District as the research scope, the analysis of the total of compound type and influence factors, on the basis of this paper further studied the following aspects: first, by using the method of behavioristics, to record the daily behavior of different types of common courtyard, and the bearing behavior of the place were analyzed by the collective memory; Then the intensive utilization and spatial order of the courtyard in Hehuatang Historic and Cultural District are studied. On this basis, through case analysis, this paper studies the common space of subjective consciousness design, comprehensively compares the two kinds of common space, summarizes the design methods, and puts forward the basic guidance for the subsequent design and transformation.