This thesis contains the results of my internship at Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Superiéure, done with Quantum Devices group (QUAD). The team research exploits the concepts of quantum mechanics, dealing in particular with light-matter interaction, to conceive new opto-electronic devices and systems in the mid and far infrared. My work focuses on the study of quantum devices operating in the mid-infrared range, in particular at 9 μm wavelength. This range of radiation is of great interest for techniques such as thermal imaging and spectroscopy , but also free space communication and remote sensing : finding good detection methods at this wavelength is thus extremely important.